Energy
WatchOil, natural gas, electricity, and critical minerals. Canada supplies roughly 63% of U.S. crude oil imports, mostly from Alberta oil sands.
Energy has been largely shielded from tariff escalation. The initial 10% IEEPA tariff (Feb 2025) was struck down by the Supreme Court in February 2026. Subsequent measures — Section 338 and Section 301 — explicitly exempt most energy products. Most Canadian energy trade qualifies for CUSMA / USMCAThe North American trade agreement. CUSMA is the Canadian name; USMCA is the American name.Glossary → preferential treatment, limiting exposure to the 10% global tariff. The TMX expansion has significantly diversified exports to Asia, with non-U.S. exports reaching 676,000 barrels/day by November 2025.
Forecast
Threatened, announced, or scheduled — not yet in force.
CUSMA/USMCA Joint Review — U.S. Declines to Extend
Under NegotiationUSTR's July 1 statement did not confirm renewal. Review negotiations are not an effective date for withdrawing current preferential treatment. No new enactment or termination date is established by this statement.
Canadian Response
Actions Canada has taken or is pursuing.
Energy Export Diversification (TMX Expansion)
The Trans Mountain Expansion began commercial operations May 1, 2024, increasing system capacity from roughly 300,000 to 890,000 barrels a day and enabling additional overseas export routes.
Pacific Link — national-interest designation and federal review
On October 1, 2026, Canada designated the proposed Pacific Link oil pipeline a national-interest project to advance federal review and overseas market access.
Latest News
Rising U.S. import and export prices, led by fuel, signal broader cross-border cost pressure for Canadian-linked supply chains.
Canada’s India trade mission secured 34 commercial agreements and kept CEPA talks moving, widening potential market-access opportunities beyond the United States.
A widening freight- and quality-driven discount is cutting Alberta heavy-crude realizations despite elevated global oil prices.
Federal funding will support offshore wind data, grid modelling and marine surveys as Nova Scotia prepares projects for a planned 2027 bidding process.
TD Economics says stronger energy export receipts, incomes and public revenues can outweigh the household hit from higher diesel and gasoline prices.
Renewed interest in Alberta’s Grassy Mountain coal resource is sharpening a local divide between prospective economic gains and environmental concerns.
Federal funding will support eight Saskatchewan projects, helping manufacturers expand capacity, upgrade operations and pursue markets amid tariff-related disruption.
Trade tensions are widening political support for faster Canadian infrastructure approvals, potentially improving the investment environment while raising regulatory and consultation concerns.
Canada’s goods surplus widened sharply in August as exports to the United States rose ahead of newly announced tariffs, complicating the monthly signal.
The proposed cash-and-stock deal would expand Cenovus’s oil-sands output by roughly 45,000 boe/d, subject to shareholder and regulatory approvals.
A newly specified negotiating window and October trade-mission dates give Canadian exporters concrete milestones as the proposed India pact advances.
Ottawa designated Pacific Link a national-interest project, advancing a proposed Pacific oil export route intended to reduce dependence on U.S. buyers.
A new state-level analysis highlights concentrated Canada trade exposure in battleground states, sharpening the business stakes of continuing tariffs and retaliation.
Washington’s stated willingness to sustain the standoff reduces near-term prospects for relief as further trade restrictions approach.
Canada and Vietnam elevated bilateral relations, opening a broader framework for energy, agricultural, investment and innovation cooperation.
A September 23 legal assessment says rapidly changing U.S. trade and sanctions measures are raising compliance demands and uncertainty for companies operating across borders.
Ottawa says talks with the Philippines and ASEAN are over 90% complete, potentially advancing Canadian market access and investment ties in Southeast Asia.
Unused farm quotas, regulatory gaps and infrastructure constraints could limit how quickly Canadian firms turn stronger EU trade into broader diversification.
Canadian and Indian ministers renewed their end-2026 CEPA objective, with a Canadian trade mission planned next month to pursue commercial opportunities.
Canada and France committed to joint infrastructure planning, widening energy and technology cooperation as Ottawa seeks less reliance on U.S. economic ties.
New export data and business evidence show diversification is advancing slowly, leaving Canadian firms exposed to deeply entrenched U.S. market ties.
Carney’s public push for a closer Canada-E.U. partnership drew a U.S. threat of heavy tariffs on Europe, increasing uncertainty around transatlantic trade planning.
Brussels has invited Canada to explore an unprecedented associate relationship, creating a potential long-term channel for cooperation beyond existing trade arrangements.
Headline inflation was unchanged in August, but steep increases in gasoline and travel costs kept pressure concentrated in key household budgets.
Stronger Canadian sales to China, driven primarily by energy, widened an alternative export channel while gains remained uneven across sectors.
Canada’s new investment summit targets up to C$1 trillion over five years, putting capital mobilisation at the centre of diversification efforts.
Renewed oil-price strength may lift Canadian revenues enough to cushion tariff damage, while raising fuel and transport costs for households and businesses.
A possible Canadian restriction on manganese exports could constrain a planned U.S. processing hub’s battery-material stream, though alternative feedstock sources offer continuity.
Tighter U.S. border enforcement is adding paperwork, compliance costs and potential delays for Canada-U.S. freight movements.
Ottawa will move several major energy projects out of the federal assessment regime, aiming to reduce duplicated reviews and improve approval certainty.
Lower energy and metals shipments cut Canada’s July goods surplus sharply, while record vehicle imports further reduced the bilateral U.S. trade cushion.
Deloitte projects that a CUSMA collapse would substantially weaken Canadian output and manufacturing, with trade diversification unable to fully offset the loss.
Canada's real GDP grew 0.8% in the second quarter of 2026, equivalent to a 3.3% annualized rate and the strongest quarterly expansion since 2023. Final domestic demand rose 1.0%, June GDP increased 0.3%, and Statistics Canada's preliminary estimate indicated little change in July.
At the mandatory six-year joint review, the U.S. declined to confirm a 16-year extension of CUSMA/USMCA. The agreement remains in force but faces annual reviews until 2036. Canada has not begun substantive text-based negotiations with the U.S.
The Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize the President to impose tariffs, invalidating the legal basis for the 25–35% broad tariffs on Canadian goods that had been in force since February 2025. CBP stopped collecting IEEPA tariffs on February 24. Importers became eligible for refunds.
Canadian crude exports to non-U.S. markets reached 676,000 barrels/day in November 2025, up from 234,000 a year earlier. TMX pipeline averaging 82% utilization. Producers earning $5–6 more per barrel on TMX-shipped crude vs. U.S. overland routes.
Consumer Impact
Related product categories and price pressure.